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Test systems for studying the composition of the microbiota of the large intestine

PCR tests for the study of the colon microbiota allow for rapid and accurate detection of changes in the composition of microorganisms, which plays a key role in the diagnosis of acute and chronic diseases, metabolic disorders and early detection of risk factors.

Intestinal microbiocenosis in norm and pathology

The adult human intestine contains approximately 1014 different microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa). According to modern molecular research methods (high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry), up to 600 bacterial genera contribute to the diversity of the microbial composition.

Normal microbiota in the large intestine performs a number of important functions:

  • carbohydrate breakdown and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production,
  • vitamin synthesis (vitamin K, vitamin B12, and folic acid),
  • amino acid synthesis,
  • participation in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (bile acid synthesis and maintenance of normal glucose resistance),
  • regulation of local and systemic immune responses.

The condition of the colon microbiota can be influenced by pathology, diet, antibiotic use, probiotic and prebiotic supplements, environmental factors, stress, lifestyle factors, etc. Since approximately 70% of all bacteria inhabiting the intestine are difficult to cultivate or cannot be cultivated, their detection by bacteriological methods is not always possible. Molecular methods (in particular, PCR) can solve this problem and also:

  • significantly speed up the diagnosis of acute and chronic colon diseases,
  • facilitate the early detection of certain pathological conditions of the colon for the purpose of their prevention.

The most significant changes in the intestinal microbiome for human health are those that occur during:

  • acute infections;
  • chronic diseases and conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and metabolic disorders (obesity, type 2 diabetes).

In some cases, changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota may indicate an increased risk of colorectal cancer (such changes include, in particular, the presence of high titers of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra in fecal samples).

A more detailed description of the test system, as well as a breakdown of the test results, can be found in the "Colonoflor" brochure.

  1. "Colonoflor" brochure

    Russian edition

    pdf, 0.92 mb

Articles and publications

  • Perioperative changes in the colonic microflora in patients with colorectal cancer

    S.F. Bagnenko, A.A. Zakharenko, A.N. Suvorov, I.V. Shlyk, O.A. Ten, Sh.R. Dzhamilov, M.A. Belyaev, A.A. Trushin, A.S. Natha, D.A. Zaytsev, K.N. Vovin, V.A. Rybalchenko, D.O. Akulichev. Biomedical Journal Medline.ru, Vol. 16, Oncology, 2015, pp. 1302–1316

  • In multiple sclerosis, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota changes

    I.N. Abdurasulova, E.A. Tarasova, E.I. Ermolenko, A.V. Eliseev, A.V. Matsulevich, G.N. Bisaga, D.I. Skulyabin, A.N. Suvorov, V.M. Klimenko. Medical Academic Journal, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 55–68

  • Effect of probiotics on cytokine production in in vitro and in vivo systems

    Averina O.V., Ermolenko E.I., Ratushny A.Yu., Tarasova E.A., Borshchev Yu.Yu., Leontyeva G.F., Kramskaya T.A., Kotyleva M.P., Danilenko V.N., Suvorov A.N. Medical Immunology. 2015;17(5):443–454

  • Correction of intestinal dysbiosis in rats by indigenous recombinant strains of enterococci and the duration of their persistence in the intestinal microbiocenosis

    Ermolenko E.I., Svirido D.A., Kotyleva M.P., Karaseva A.B., Ermolenko K.D., Solovyeva O.I., Simanenkov V.I., Suvorov A.N. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, Issue 136, No. 12, 2016, pp. 65–69

  • Study of the intestinal microbiota of residents of Vietnam and Russia

    Ermolenko E.I., Kotyleva M.P., Bui Thi Lan Anh, Tran Thi Nhai, Bui Thi Thanh Nga, Kraeva L.A., Goncharov A.E., Karaseva A.B., Kireeva A.G., Tan Nam, Suvorov A.N. Science and Technology in the Tropics. 2016. 9(9), pp. 1979–1990

  • Effect of indigenous enterococci on the microbiota. Features of colonic motility in experimental dysbiosis

    E.I. Ermolenko, N.P. Yerofeev, L.B. Zakharova, E.N. Pariyskaya, M.P. Kotyleva. All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Health—the Foundation of Human Potential: Problems and Solutions.” Vol. 11, Part 2, 2016, pp. 769–781 (RSCI)

  • Risk factors for Blastocystis spp infection

    Dombrovskaya D.A. North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, thesis materials, 2016

  • Effect of indigenous enterococci on the intestinal microbiota and behavior of rats during correction of experimental dysbiosis

    Ermolenko E.I., Abdurasulova I.N., Kotyleva M.P., Svirido D.A., Matsulevich A.V., Karaseva A.B., Tarasova E.A., Sizov V.V., Suvorov A.N. I.M. Sechenov Russian Journal of Physiology, Vol. 103, No. 1, 2017, pp. 22–37

  • First experience of treating multidrug-resistant infectious complications associated with Clostridium difficile and Klebsiella pneumoniae using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

    O.V. Goloshchapov, M.A. Kucher, M.A. Suvorova, R.V. Klementyeva, A.A. Shcherbakov, A.N. Shvetsov, I.S. Moiseev, A.B. Chukhlovin, B.V. Afanasyev. Infectious Diseases, 2017, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 65–74

  • Intestinal microbiota in ulcerative colitis and celiac disease

    Sitkin S.I., Vakhitov T.Ya., Tkachenko E.I., Oreshko L.S., Zhigalova T.N., Radchenko V.G., Seliverstov P.V., Avalueva E.B., Suvorova M.A., Komlichenko E.V. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, Issue 137, No. 1, 2017, pp. 8–30

  • Predictors of functional gastrointestinal disorders after norovirus infection in children

    Ermolenko K.D., Gonchar N.V., Lobzin Yu.V., Grigoryev S.G. Journal of Infectology. 2017;9(2):42–47

  • Effects of Probiotic Enterococci and Glatiramer Acetate on the Severity of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Rats

    Abdurasulova, I.N., Ermolenko, E.I., Matsulevich, A.V. et al. Neurosci Behav Physi 47, 866–876 (2017)

  • Saccharomyces boulardii modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, preventing disease progression

    Seliverstov P.V., Sitkin S.I., Radchenko V.G., Lazebnik L.B., Avalueva E.B., Vakhitov T.Ya., Demyanova E.V., Skvortsova T.E., Prikhodko E.M., Suvorova M.A. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, 2018, 150(2):4–18

  • Microbiome, colonic dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel diseases: when function matters more than taxonomy

    Sitkin S.I., Vakhitov T.Ya., Demyanova E.V. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018;46(5):396–425

  • Anaerobic imbalance of the intestinal microbiota in children of different ages with viral diarrhea

    Ermolenko E.I., Gonchar N.V. Gastroenterology of St. Petersburg, 2018, No. 2, pp. 64–64b

  • Effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

    O.V. Goloshchapov, M.A. Kucher, I.S. Moiseev, A.N. Shvetsov, R.V. Klementyeva, A.A. Shcherbakov, M.A. Suvorova, O.V. Stanevich, E.A. Bakin, L.S. Zubarovskaya, B.V. Afanasyev. V International Conference “Postgenome,” 2018

  • Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Novel Method of Multidrug-Resistant Infections Treatment in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

    Maxim Kucher, Oleg Goloshchapov, Maria Suvorova, Ruslana Klementeva, Aleksandr Shcherbakov, Alexandr Shvetcov, Ilya Kazantsev, Ivan Moiseev, Ludmila Zubarovskaya, Boris Afanasyev. Transplantation Research Journal, 2018, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1–3

  • Approbation of a new method for preparing samples for detection of intestinal microbiota populations by polymerase chain reaction

    Markova Yu.M., Polyanina A.S., Minaeva L.P., Sheveleva S.A. XVII All-Russian Congress of Dietitians and Nutritionists, 2018, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 34–35

  • Study of the intestinal microbiota in healthy individuals by PCR

    Markova Yu.M., Polyanina A.S., Stetsenko V.V. Foundations of Healthy Nutrition and Ways to Prevent Diet-Related Diseases, proceedings of the II School of Young Scientists, 2019, pp. 61–63

  • Norm of consumption and physiological requirement

    Lysikov Yu.A. XVII All-Russian Congress of Dietitians and Nutritionists, 2018, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 33–34

  • Composition of the intestinal microbiota and populations of circulating Th cells in patients with multiple sclerosis

    I.N. Abdurasulova, E.A. Tarasova, I.V. Kudryavtsev, I.G. Negoreeva, A.G. Ilves, M.K. Serebryakova, E.I. Ermolenko, E.V. Ivashkova, A.V. Matsulevich, A.E. Tatarinov, I.D. Stolyarov, V.M. Klimenko, A.N. Suvorov. Infection and Immunity, 2019, Vol. 9, Nos. 3–4, pp. 504–522

  • Influence of different probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of rats with experimental Clostridium difficile infection

    E. Ermolenko, E. Tarasova, M. Kotyleva, Y. Borschev, A. Suvorov. ECCMID 2014 (Basic Science: Animal models including experimental treatment)

  • Modern DNA-diagnostic methods for microflora and their significance in the clinic

    Klementyeva R.V., Shcherbakov A.A., Shvetsov A.N., Kucher M.A., Goloshchapov O.V. VI International Conference dedicated to DNA Day, 2019, pp. 26–27

  • Fecal microbiota transplantation in critical patients in oncohematology practice

    O.V. Goloshchapov, D.V. Churakina, M.A. Kucher, R.V. Klementyeva, S.V. Sidorenko, V.V. Gostev, V.E. Karev, M.A. Suvorova, I.V. Shlyk, A.B. Chukhlovin, L.S. Zubarovskaya, B.V. Afanasyev. Bulletin of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 63–73

  • Long-term impact of fecal transplantation in healthy volunteers

    O.V. Goloshchapov, E.I. Olekhnovich, S.V. Sidorenko, I.S. Moiseev, M.A. Ucher, D.E. Fedorov, A.V. Pavlenko, A.I. Manolov, V.V. Gostev, V.A. Veselovsky, K.M. Klimina, E.S. Kostryukova, E.A. Bakin, A.N. Shvetcov, E.D. Gumbatova, R.V. Klementeva, A.A. Shcherbakov, M.V. Gorchakova, J.J. Egozcue, V. Pawlowsky-Glahn, M.A. Suvorova, A.B. Chukhlovin, V.M. Govorun, E.N. Ilina, B.V. Afanasyev. BMC Microbiology. 2019 Dec 30;19(1):312

  • Therapeutic treatment options for patients with cholelithiasis

    Seliverstov P.V., Skvortsova T.E., Sitkin S.I., Radchenko V.G. Medical Council, No. 14, 2019, pp. 44–51

  • Clinical and experimental rationale for correcting intestinal dysbiosis in patients with viral cirrhosis of the liver

    Saulevich A.V. Thesis materials, Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 2019

  • Akkermansia muciniphila— a “new” representative of the intestinal microbiota: prevalence and diagnostic significance

    Tarasova E.A., Baimova R.R., Abdurasulova I.N., Kudryavtsev I.V., Suvorova M.A. V Russian Congress of Laboratory Medicine, 2019, pp. 251–252

  • Changes in the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis are associated with immune and psycho-emotional disorders

    Abdurasulova I.N., Matsulevich A.V., Tarasova E.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Nikiforova I.G., Serebryakova M.K., Miroshnichenko M.I., Ivashkova E.V., Tatarinov A.E., Ilves A.G., Ermolenko E.I., Bisaga G.N., Stolyarov I.D., Klimenko V.M. Medical Academic Journal, 2019, Vol. 19, No. S, pp. 51–54

  • Prospects of microbiota-oriented therapy in neurorehabilitation

    Beloborodova N.V., Chernevskaya E.A. Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Rehabilitation, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2020)

  • Features of the colonic microbiota in patients with different obesity phenotypes (pilot study)

    Volkova N.I., Naboka Yu.L., Ganenko L.A., Oksenyuk O.S. Medical Bulletin of the South of Russia. 2020;11(2):38–45

  • Preparation of an emulsified probiotic Bacillus subtilis drug and its effect on the intestinal microflora of laboratory rats

    Skvortsov E.V., Mukhammadiev R.S., Valliulin L.R., Valliulina D.A. Scientific Notes of the Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, 2020, Vol. 241, No. 1, pp. 187–192

  • Gallbladder microbiota in patients with cholelithiasis

    Simanenkov V.I., Suvorov A.N., Tikhonov S.V., et al. Bulletin of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 2020, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 37–44

  • Modeling of systemic inflammatory response syndrome by chemical induction of colon injury in rats

    Borschev Y.Y., Burovenko I.Y., Karaseva A.B., Minasyan S.M., Borschev V.Y., Semenova N.Y., Borshcheva O.V., Polovinkin V.V., Rodionov G.G., Suvorov A.N., Galagudza M.M. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2020;22(1):87–98

  • Fecal microbiota transplantation for graft-versus-host disease in children and adults: methods, clinical effects, safety

    Goloshchapov O.V., Chukhlovin A.B., Bakin E.A., Stanevich O.V., Klementyeva R.V., Shcherbakov A.A., Shvetsov A.N., Suvorova M.A., Bondarenko S.N., Kucher M.A., Kulagin A.D., Zubarovskaya L.S., Moiseev I.S. Therapeutic Archive, 2020, Vol. 92, No. 7, pp. 43–54

  • Taxonomic dysbiosis of the microbiota and serum biomarkers as a reflection of central nervous system lesion severity

    Chernevskaya E.A., Megley A.Yu., Buyakova I.V., Kovaleva N.Yu., Gorshkov K.M., Zakharchenko V.E., et al. Bulletin of RSMU. 2020;(5). DOI: 10.24075/vrgmu.2020.05

  • Influence of the intestinal microbiota on biochemical parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome

    Kotrova A.D., Kotyleva M.P., Saraikina D.A. Proceedings of the scientific conference “Fundamental Science and Clinical Medicine—Man and His Health.” St. Petersburg, September 26, 2016 (published 2020 context)

  • The gut microbiome and its role in the development of bloodstream infections in patients with hemoblastoses

    Kuleshova A.V., Kiseleva E.E., Chebotkevich V.N. Journal “Gastroenterology of St. Petersburg,” No. 1–2, 2020

  • Use of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium L3 for gastroenteritis in piglets

    A.L. Sepp, A.V. Yashin, V.D. Radnatarov. Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, No. 3 (60), 2020, pp. 74–80

  • Use of bicyclol in the therapy of severe liver fibrosis: experimental rationale

    Zhdanov K.V., Saulevich A.V., Kozlov K.V., Zakharenko S.M., Sukachev V.S., Karev V.E., Zakharkiv Yu.F., Potekhin I.V., Mukhtarov R.M., Kasyanenko K.V., Karyakin S.S., Chernenok M.G. Journal of Infectology. 2020;12(5):93–100

  • Mechanisms of formation of post-infectious gastrointestinal pathology in children convalescing from rotavirus infection

    Ermolenko K.D., Gonchar N.V., Lobzin Yu.V. Journal of Infectology. 2020;12(5):56–61

  • Characteristics of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

    G.D. Fadieienko, A.Y. Gridnyev, I.E. Kushnir, O.G. Kurinna, V.M. Chernova, T.A. Solomentseva, Ya.V. Nikiforova, V.Yu. Galchinska, T.M. Bondar. Ukrainian specialized scientific-practical journal “Modern Gastroenterology,” No. 6 (2020), 2020-1505

  • Problems of organizing preventive work in outpatient settings with preschool children

    Kravchenko I.A., Baymuradova E.A., Polunin V.S. Journal “Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention,” Vol. 20, No. S1, 2021, p. 46

  • Medical and social features of cognitive impairments in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack

    Kravchenko V.G., Kostenko E.V., Gorshkov D.V. Journal “Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention,” Vol. 20, No. S1, 2021, p. 45

  • Intestinal microflora of rats in experimental antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and the possibility of its correction with a preparation based on lactic acid and propionic acid microorganisms

    Mukhammadieva A.S., Mukhammadiev Rish.S., Usoltsev K.V., Mukhammadiev Rin.S., Skvortsov E.V., Valliulin L.R. Scientific Notes of the Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Vol. 246, No. 2, 2021, pp. 141–145

  • Effect of the drug “Hilak Forte” on restoration of the colonic mucosa in patients with foodborne toxic infection and concomitant intestinal dysbiosis

    Leontyeva N.I., Shcherbakov I.T., Gracheva N.M., Solovyeva A.I., Likhanskaya E.I. Journal “Gastroenterology of St. Petersburg,” No. 1–2, 2021, p. 24

  • Gender assessment of the intestinal microbiome in patients with obesity

    A.D. Kotrova, A.N. Shishkin, L.S. Voropaeva, N.S. Lavrenova, L.A. Slepykh, M.V. Lukashenko, E.I. Ermolenko. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, No. 10 (2021): 91–99

  • Lincomycin-associated intestinal dysbiosis in rats

    Skvortsov E.V., Usoltsev K.V., Mukhammadiev Rish.S., Musin R.R., Bykova P.R. Journal “Veterinary Doctor,” 2021, Kazan

  • Homeostasis of rabbits under combined metal toxicosis

    Potapova S.N., Sagdeev D.R., Kadikov I.R., Korchemkin A.A., Vafin I.F. Journal “Veterinary Doctor,” 2021, Kazan

  • Induction of liver fibrosis in WISTAR laboratory rats

    Zhdanov K.V., Saulevich A.V., Kozlov K.V., Zakharenko S.M., Sukachev V.S., Mukhtarov R.M., Kasyanenko K.V. Proceedings of the Russian Military Medical Academy, 2021, 40(S1), 26–29

  • Features of the intestinal microbiota composition in patients with arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity

    Koval S.M., Snigurskaya I.O., Yushko K.O., Misnichenko O.V., Galchinskaya V.Yu. Journal “Pathology,” National Institute of Therapy named after L.T. Mala, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Vol. 18, No. 3 (2021)

  • Analysis of common mutations and variants of the course of chronic pancreatitis

    Minina S., Kornienko E., Suspitsyn E., Imyanitov E. “Gastroenterology of St. Petersburg.” Founders: LLC “Gastro”, Sitkin Stanislav Igorevich, pp. 24–25

  • Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota during modeling of systemic inflammatory response in rats of different ages

    Karaseva A.B., Burovenko I.Yu., Tsapieva A.N., Borshchev Yu.Yu., Suvorov A.N., Galagudza M.M. University Therapeutic Bulletin, 2022, 4(2), 42–51

  • Personalized symbiont therapy in children with prolonged campylobacteriosis

    Ermolenko K.D., Gonchar N.V., Ermolenko E.I. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, 2022, (1), 31–33